@proceedings {Tapas2018411, title = {Blockchain-Based IoT-cloud authorization and delegation}, journal = {Proceedings - 2018 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing, SMARTCOMP 2018}, year = {2018}, note = {cited By 0; Conference of 4th IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing, SMARTCOMP 2018 ; Conference Date: 18 June 2018 Through 20 June 2018; Conference Code:138285}, pages = {411-416}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, address = {Taormina, Italy - 18-20 June 2018}, abstract = {

In a Smart City scenario, the authors envisioned an IoT-Cloud framework for the management of boards and resources scattered over a geographic area. It can also become a tool to let device owners contribute freely to the infrastructure. In comparison to datacenter-oriented Cloud middleware, the administrator and the owner of the infrastructure are not one and the same. This translates into the requirement to support delegation-enabled authorization. In this paper, the authors investigate an authorization and delegation model for the IoT-Cloud based on blockchain technology. In particular, the scheme is implemented in the form of smart contracts over the Ethereum platform. Indeed, this approach represents an enhancement, over a function previously designed in a centralized fashion, by enabling the user to audit authorization operations and inspect how access control is actually performed, without blindly trusting the Cloud as a proxy for access to resources. {\textcopyright} 2018 IEEE.

}, keywords = {Access control, Access to resources, authorization, Blockchain, Cloud middlewares, Clouds, Delegation, Delegation modeling, Ethereum, Geographic areas, Internet of Things, middleware, Smart city, Smart contracts}, isbn = {9781538647059}, doi = {10.1109/SMARTCOMP.2018.00038}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051495365\&doi=10.1109\%2fSMARTCOMP.2018.00038\&partnerID=40\&md5=57e82ce12e19c3286c34b0612a587237}, author = {Nachiket Tapas and Giovanni Merlino and Francesco Longo} } @proceedings {Bruneo2017, title = {Head in a Cloud: An approach for Arduino YUN virtualization}, journal = {GIoTS 2017 - Global Internet of Things Summit, Proceedings}, year = {2017}, note = {cited By 0; Conference of 2017 Global Internet of Things Summit, GIoTS 2017 ; Conference Date: 6 June 2017 Through 9 June 2017; Conference Code:130055}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, address = {Geneva; Switzerland; 6-9 June 2017}, abstract = {

Smart boards are triggering the IoT revolution, allowing to make common objects and things smart through their network, storage and processing capabilities. Arduino boards have a prominent role in this revolution, due to their customizability and programming freedom. From a different perspective, another strategic development for the IoT is towards Cloud, allowing to properly manage things and data ubiquitously, on demand, as services. Pushing in this direction, we can pave the way to the Cloud of Things, where real things, rather than the data they produce, can be provided to third parties, by adopting a {\textquoteright}device-centric{\textquoteright} approach. To this purpose, virtualization of physical resources becomes an essential step and core mechanism. In this paper we focus on smart board virtualization, implementing a flexible solution for Arduino boards based on Stack4Things, allowing to create, multiplex, migrate and deploy virtual boards in IoT-Cloud contexts. The results obtained by a preliminary implementation and experiments on the $\#$SmartME testbed are shown in the paper to demonstrate the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed solution. {\textcopyright} 2017 IEEE.

}, keywords = {Arduino YUN, Clouds, Computer operating systems, Core mechanisms, Customizability, Digital storage, GPIO pins, Internet of Things, Physical resources, Processing capability, Stack4Things, Strategic development, Virtual reality, Virtualization}, isbn = {9781509058730}, doi = {10.1109/GIOTS.2017.8016263}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85029291785\&doi=10.1109\%2fGIOTS.2017.8016263\&partnerID=40\&md5=4a8eed3e1348ab91166e648151d625c0}, author = {Dario Bruneo and Salvatore Distefano and Francesco Longo and Giovanni Merlino and Antonio Puliafito and Angelo Zaia} } @article {Distefano2017382, title = {Hospitalized Patient Monitoring and Early Treatment Using IoT and Cloud}, journal = {BioNanoScience}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, year = {2017}, note = {cited By 0}, pages = {382-385}, publisher = {Springer New York LLC}, abstract = {

The adoption of Internet of Things devices and, more in general, embedded systems, endowed with sensors and actuators, keeps rising globally, and the scope of their involvement broadens, for instance in e-Health applications. This work describes our integration of IoT paradigms and resource ecosystems with a tailored Cloud-oriented device-centric environment, by focusing on an e-Health scenario, featuring monitoring and early treatment of hospitalized patients, by focusing on Cloud-enabled event detection coupled with coordinated reaction. {\textcopyright} 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.

}, keywords = {Clouds, Coordinated reactions, Coordination reactions, E health, e-Health applications, Early treatment, embedded systems, Event detection, Health, Internet of Things, OpenStack, Patient monitoring, Patient treatment, sensors and actuators}, issn = {21911630}, doi = {10.1007/s12668-016-0335-5}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019076002\&doi=10.1007\%2fs12668-016-0335-5\&partnerID=40\&md5=cd98d3d0b82a5392d0f5191656dee389}, author = {Salvatore Distefano and Dario Bruneo and Francesco Longo and Giovanni Merlino and Antonio Puliafito} } @article {Distefano2017439, title = {Personalized Health Tracking with Edge Computing Technologies}, journal = {BioNanoScience}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, year = {2017}, note = {cited By 0}, pages = {439-441}, publisher = {Springer New York LLC}, abstract = {

The health monitoring component is the essential block, a pillar of several e-health systems. Plenty of health tracking applications and specific technologies such as smart devices, wearables, and data management systems are available. To be effective, promptly reacting to issues, a health monitoring service must ensure short delays in data sensing, collection, and processing activities. This is an open problem that distributed computing paradigms, such as Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud, and Edge computing, could address. The solution proposed in this paper is based on Stack4Things, an IoT-Cloud framework to manage edge nodes such as mobiles, smart objects, network devices, workstations, as a whole, a computing infrastructure allowing to provide resources on-demand, as services, to end users. Through Stack4Things facilities, the health tracking system can locate the closer computing resource to offload processing and thus reducing latency per the Edge computing paradigm. {\textcopyright} 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.

}, keywords = {Clouds, Computing infrastructures, Data management system, Distributed computer systems, Edge computing, Health, Health monitoring, Health tracking systems, human, human computer interaction, Information management, Internet, Internet of Things, Internet of Things (IOT), monitoring, Stack4Things, Tracking application, Wearable technology}, issn = {21911630}, doi = {10.1007/s12668-016-0388-5}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019121810\&doi=10.1007\%2fs12668-016-0388-5\&partnerID=40\&md5=e5aa843f2f869945fe04d5f62c97a6c5}, author = {Salvatore Distefano and Dario Bruneo and Francesco Longo and Giovanni Merlino and Antonio Puliafito} } @article {Longo201753, title = {Stack4Things: a sensing-and-actuation-as-a-service framework for IoT and cloud integration}, journal = {Annales des Telecommunications/Annals of Telecommunications - Institut Mines-T{\'e}l{\'e}com and Springer-Verlag France}, volume = {72}, number = {1-2}, year = {2017}, note = {cited By 0}, pages = {53-70}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag France}, abstract = {

With the increasing adoption of embedded smart devices and their involvement in different application fields, complexity may quickly grow, thus making vertical ad hoc solutions ineffective. Recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud integration seems to be one of the winning solutions in order to opportunely manage the proliferation of both data and devices. In this paper, following the idea to reuse as much tooling as possible, we propose, with regards to infrastructure management, to adopt a widely used and competitive framework for Infrastructure-as-a-Service such as OpenStack. Therefore, we describe approaches and architectures so far preliminary implemented for enabling Cloud-mediated interactions with droves of sensor- and actuator-hosting nodes by presenting Stack4Things, a framework for Sensing-and-Actuation-as-a-Service (SAaaS). In particular, starting from a detailed requirement analysis, in this work, we focus on the subsystems of Stack4Things devoted to resource control and management as well as on those related to the management and collection of sensing data. Several use cases are presented justifying how our proposed framework can be viewed as a concrete step toward the complete fulfillment of the SAaaS vision. {\textcopyright} 2016, Institut Mines-T{\'e}l{\'e}com and Springer-Verlag France.

}, keywords = {Clouds, Information management, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Infrastructure managements, Internet of thing (IOT), Internet of Things, Mediated interaction, OpenStack, Requirement analysis, SAaaS, WAMP, WebSocket}, issn = {00034347}, doi = {10.1007/s12243-016-0528-5}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84976292948\&doi=10.1007\%2fs12243-016-0528-5\&partnerID=40\&md5=f334f652432ae0993795644204689e9c}, author = {Francesco Longo and Dario Bruneo and Salvatore Distefano and Giovanni Merlino and Antonio Puliafito} } @proceedings {Dautov2017, title = {Towards a global intelligent surveillance system}, journal = {11th International Conference on Distributed Smart Cameras, ICDSC 2017}, year = {2017}, note = {cited By 2; Conference of 11th International Conference on Distributed Smart Cameras, ICDSC 2017 ; Conference Date: 5 September 2017 Through 7 September 2017; Conference Code:132201}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {Stanford, USA - 05-07 September 2017}, abstract = {

Recent technological advances have led to the rapid development of Intelligent Surveillance Systems (ISSs), ubiquitously present in modern urban spaces are constantly generating streams of raw data. As most of the actual Internet traffic is nowadays constituted by visual data streams, often originated by ISSs, it is important to properly manage these avalanches of data so as to support sustainability of this technological trend, which will very likely saturate the current network bandwidth in few years. This paper aims to combine existing technologies and paradigms from the Internet of Things, Cloud, Edge Computing and Big Data into a common framework to enable a shared approach for ISSs at a wide geographical scale, thus envisioning a Global ISS. The proposed solution is based on the idea of pushing data processing tasks as close to data sources as possible, thus increasing security and performance levels, usually critical to surveillance systems. To demonstrate the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the paper presents a case study based on a distributed ISS scenario in a crowded area, implemented on clustered edge devices able to offload tasks in a {\textquoteright}horizontal{\textquoteright} manner. {\textcopyright} 2017 Association for Computing Machinery.

}, keywords = {Big Data, Clouds, Edge, Geographical scale, Information management, Intelligent surveillance systems, Internet of Things, monitoring, Network security, Security and performance, Security systems, Stream processing, Surveillance systems, Technological advances, Technological trends}, doi = {10.1145/3131885.3131918}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047726635\&doi=10.1145\%2f3131885.3131918\&partnerID=40\&md5=a84eba85cc0facc8c5bb0cd664d7d5f0}, author = {Rustem Dautov and Salvatore Distefano and Giovanni Merlino and Dario Bruneo and Francesco Longo and Antonio Puliafito} } @proceedings {Bruneo2017135, title = {User-space network tunneling under a mobile platform: A case study for android environments}, journal = {ADHOC-NOW 2017: Ad-hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks}, year = {2017}, note = {cited By 0; Conference of 16th International Conference on Ad-Hoc Networks and Wireless, ADHOC-NOW 2017 ; Conference Date: 20 September 2017 Through 22 September 2017; Conference Code:198729}, pages = {135-143}, publisher = {Springer Verlag}, address = {Messina; Italy; 20-22 September 2017}, abstract = {

The IoT ecosystem is taking the whole ICT world by storm and, in particular for currently hot topics such as Smart Cities, it is becoming one of the key enablers for innovative applications and services. When talking about end users, or even citizens, mobiles enter the picture as the ultimate personal gadget, as well as relevant outlets for most of the duties (sensing, networking, edge computing) IoT devices are typically envisioned in the first place. Smartphones, tablets and similar accessories are even more powerful in terms of hardware capabilities (and function diversity) than typical embedded systems for IoT, but it is typically the software platform (e.g., the OS and SDK) which limits choices for the sake of security and control on the user experience. Even a relatively open environment, such as Android, exhibits these limits, in stark contrast to the otherwise very powerful and feature-complete functionalities the underlying system (i.e., Linux) natively supports. In this work the authors describe a fully user-friendly and platform-compliant approach to let users break free from some of these limitations, in particular with regard to network virtualisation, for the purpose of extending an IoT-ready Smart City use case to mobiles. {\textcopyright} Springer International Publishing AG 2017.

}, keywords = {Ad hoc networks, Android (operating system), Clouds, Computer operating systems, Distributed computer systems, embedded systems, Internet of Things, Mobile ad hoc networks, Network virtualisation, network virtualization, Open environment, OpenStack, Reverse tunneling, Smart city, Software platforms, Stack4Things, Underlying systems, Virtual reality, Virtualization, Wireless ad hoc networks}, isbn = {9783319679099}, issn = {03029743}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-67910-5_11}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030154981\&doi=10.1007\%2f978-3-319-67910-5_11\&partnerID=40\&md5=e898f7c0ffad87eadbefa74a8a7a8940}, author = {Dario Bruneo and Salvatore Distefano and Kostya Esmukov and Francesco Longo and Giovanni Merlino and Antonio Puliafito} } @proceedings {Bruneo2016, title = {Deploying advanced services in the $\#$SmartME infrastructure}, journal = {2016 IEEE 2nd International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry Leveraging a Better Tomorrow, RTSI 2016}, year = {2016}, note = {cited By 0; Conference of 2nd IEEE International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry Leveraging a Better Tomorrow, RTSI 2016 ; Conference Date: 7 September 2016 Through 9 September 2016; Conference Code:124837}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, address = {Bologna; Italy; 7-9 September 2016}, abstract = {

Smart Cities can be viewed as a complex ecosystem where thousands of {\textquoteright}things{\textquoteright} (e.g., smart objects, vehicles, mobiles) interact with people in order to provide innovative services. Following this view, the $\#$SmartME project aims at creating an horizontal Cloud-based framework enabling developers and users to manage such a complex ecosystem, remotely controlling things as well as virtualizing their functions implementing a provisioning model to scatter the application logic on top of the involved smart objects and to choose with fine granularity which specific tasks to delegate to centralized Cloud infrastructure. After one year from the project kickoff, we present the main architecture by highlighting how advance services can be deployed. {\textcopyright} 2016 IEEE.

}, keywords = {$\#$SmartME, Arduino, Clouds, Ecology, Ecosystems, IaaS, OpenStack, smart cities, Stack4Things}, isbn = {9781509011315}, doi = {10.1109/RTSI.2016.7740633}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85006001490\&doi=10.1109\%2fRTSI.2016.7740633\&partnerID=40\&md5=76b3333938151fc341a6f3994a693da8}, author = {Dario Bruneo and Francesco Longo and Giovanni Merlino and Antonio Puliafito and Salvatore Distefano} } @proceedings {Bruneo2016, title = {An IoT Testbed for the Software Defined City Vision: The $\#$SmartMe Project}, journal = {2016 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing, SMARTCOMP 2016}, year = {2016}, note = {cited By 2; Conference of 2nd IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing, SMARTCOMP 2016 ; Conference Date: 18 May 2016 Through 20 May 2016; Conference Code:122466}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, address = {St. Louis; United States; 18-20 May 2016}, abstract = {

To kickstart the process of morphing Messina into a {\guillemotleft}smart{\guillemotright} city, an explicit mission for the crowdfunded $\#$SmartME project, it is essential to set up an infrastructure of smart devices embedding sensors and actuators, to be scattered all over the urban area. An horizontal framework coupled with the Fog computing approach, by moving logic toward the {\guillemotleft}extreme{\guillemotright} edge of the Internet where data needs to be quickly elaborated, decisions made, and actions performed, is a suitable solution for data- intensive services with time-bound constraints as those usually required by citizens. This is especially true in the context of IoT and Smart City where thousands of smart objects, vehicles, mobiles, people interact to provide innovative services. We thus designed Stack4Things as an OpenStack-based framework spanning the Infrastructure-as-a-Service and Platform-as-a-Service layers. We present some of the core Stack4Things functionalities implementing a Fog computing approach towards a run- time {\guillemotleft}rewireable{\guillemotright} Smart City paradigm, by outlining node management and contextualization mechanisms, also describing its usage in terms of already supported and developed verticals, as well as a specific example related to environmental data collection through $\#$SmartME. {\textcopyright} 2016 IEEE.

}, keywords = {$\#$SmartME, Arduino, Clouds, Computation theory, IaaS, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Internet of Things, OpenStack, Platform as a Service (PaaS), smart cities, Stack4Things}, isbn = {9781509008988}, doi = {10.1109/SMARTCOMP.2016.7501678}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84979570937\&doi=10.1109\%2fSMARTCOMP.2016.7501678\&partnerID=40\&md5=c7d8b8c0b0cd880d9c781770a5721acc}, author = {Dario Bruneo and Salvatore Distefano and Francesco Longo and Giovanni Merlino} } @proceedings {Merlino2017213, title = {Quantitative evaluation of Cloud-based network virtualization mechanisms for IoT}, journal = {ValueTools 2016 - 10th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools}, year = {2016}, note = {cited By 0; Conference of 10th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools, ValueTools 2016 ; Conference Date: 25 October 2016 Through 28 October 2016; Conference Code:127816}, pages = {213-216}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {Taormina; Italy; 25-28 October 2016}, abstract = {

Integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) with the Cloud may lead to a range of different architectures and solutions. Our efforts in this domain are mainly geared towards making IoT systems available as service-oriented infrastructure. Under Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) scenarios, network virtualization is a core building block of any solution, even more so for IoT-focused Cloud providers. Enabling mechanisms are required to support virtualization of the networking facilities for IoT resources that are managed by the Cloud. This work describes an approach to network virtualization based on popular off-the-shelf tools and protocols in place of application-specific logic, acting as a blueprint in the design of the Stack4Things architecture, an OpenStack-derived framework to provide IaaS-like services from a pool of IoT devices. We quantitatively evaluate the underlying mechanisms demonstrating that the proposed approach exhibits mostly comparable performance with respect to standard technologies for virtual private networks, or at least good enough for the kind of underlying hardware, e.g., smart boards, whilst still representing a more flexible solution. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2016 EAI.

}, keywords = {Application specific, Clouds, Distributed computer systems, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Internet of thing (IOT), Internet of Things, Network architecture, network virtualization, OpenStack, Performance evaluation, Platform as a Service (PaaS), Quantitative evaluation, Reverse tunneling, Service-oriented infrastructures, Virtual private networks, Virtual reality, Virtualization}, isbn = {9781631901416}, doi = {10.4108/eai.25-10-2016.2266600}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021354856\&doi=10.4108\%2feai.25-10-2016.2266600\&partnerID=40\&md5=61d1e54a06f72746e6e5bd90c920b1c0}, author = {Giovanni Merlino and Francesco Longo and Salvatore Distefano and Dario Bruneo and Antonio Puliafito} } @proceedings {Ghosh2017227, title = {Resiliency quantification for large scale systems: An IaaS cloud use case}, journal = {ValueTools 2016 - 10th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools}, year = {2016}, note = {cited By 0; Conference of 10th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools, ValueTools 2016 ; Conference Date: 25 October 2016 Through 28 October 2016; Conference Code:127816}, pages = {227-234}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {Taormina; Italy; 25-28 October 2016}, abstract = {

We quantify the resiliency of large scale systems upon changes encountered beyond the normal system behavior. General steps for resiliency quantification are shown and resiliency metrics are defined to quantify the effects of changes. The proposed approach is illustrated through an Infrastructureas-a-Service (IaaS) Cloud use case. Specifically, we assess the impact of changes in demand and available capacity on the Cloud resiliency using interacting state-space based submodels. Since resiliency quantification involves understanding the transient behavior of the system, fixed-point variables evolve with time leading to non-homogenous Markov chains. In this paper, we present an algorithm for resiliency analysis when dealing with such non-homogenous sub-models. A comparison is shown with our past research, where we quantified the resiliency of IaaS Cloud performance using a one level monolithic model. Numerical results show that the approach proposed in this paper can scale for a real sized Cloud without significantly compromising the accuracy. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2016 EAI.

}, keywords = {Available capacity, Chains, Clouds, Homogenous Markov chain, Impact of changes, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Large scale systems, Markov processes, Non-homogeneous, Numerical results, Resiliency, Submodels, Transient behavior}, isbn = {9781631901416}, doi = {10.4108/eai.25-10-2016.2266805}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021320622\&doi=10.4108\%2feai.25-10-2016.2266805\&partnerID=40\&md5=a6167b2554cad8a9aae02963254c8b52}, author = {Rahul Ghosh and Francesco Longo and Vijay K. Naik and A.J. Rindos and Kishor Trivedi} } @proceedings {Distefano2017, title = {A Stack4Things-based platform for mobile crowdsensing services}, journal = {Proceedings of the 2016 ITU Kaleidoscope Academic Conference: ICTs for a Sustainable World, ITU WT 2016}, year = {2016}, note = {cited By 0; Conference of 2016 ITU Kaleidoscope Academic Conference, ITU WT 2016 ; Conference Date: 14 November 2016 Through 16 November 2016; Conference Code:125881}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, address = {Bangkok; Thailand; 14-16 November 2016}, abstract = {

As mobiles grow pervasive in people{\textquoteright}s lives and expand their reach, Mobile CrowdSensing (MCS) and similar paradigms are going to play an ever more prominent role. There is a pressing need then to ease developers and service providers in embracing the opportunity, and that means offering a platform for such efforts. This in turn means providing a solid foundational architecture with abstractions and sound layering for MCS application designs to be mapped over it. This should base on a flexible infrastructure able to provide resources to MCS applications according to their requirements, hopefully on-demand. A service-oriented/Cloud model can perfectly fill this gap. This paper is a first step in this direction, proposing to adopt Stack4Things (S4T), an OpenStack-based platform for managing sensing and IoT nodes, for runtime customization of resources and their functions to support MCS services and applications. This implies developing and extending the S4T platform further to the specific requirements coming from off-the-shelf, e.g., Android-based, mobiles, as well as describing an example S4T-powered MCS application, Pothole Detection Mapping, to highlight the role of the platform. {\textcopyright} 2016 International Telecommunication Union.

}, keywords = {Android, Android (operating system), Application design, Clouds, Internet of Things, Mobile Crowdsensing, On demands, OpenStack, Platform as a Service (PaaS), Service Oriented, Service provider, Services and applications}, isbn = {9789261204310}, doi = {10.1109/ITU-WT.2016.7805722}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014231645\&doi=10.1109\%2fITU-WT.2016.7805722\&partnerID=40\&md5=ea474a8f0a90e12de36e3ae371c16d9b}, author = {Salvatore Distefano and Antonio Puliafito and Giovanni Merlino and Francesco Longo and Dario Bruneo} } @proceedings {Merlino2015199, title = {Cloud-based network virtualization: An IoT use case}, journal = {Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, LNICST}, volume = {155}, year = {2015}, note = {cited By 2; Conference of 7th International Conference on Ad Hoc Networks, AdHocHets 2015 ; Conference Date: 1 September 2015 Through 2 September 2015; Conference Code:139059}, pages = {199-210}, publisher = {Springer Verlag}, address = {San Remo (Italy)}, abstract = {

In light of an overarching scheme about extending the capabilities of Internet of things (IoT) with Cloud-enabled mechanisms, network virtualization is a key enabler of infrastructure-oriented IoT solutions. In particular, without network virtualization infrastructure cannot really be considered flexible enough to meet emerging requirements, and even administrative duties, such as management, maintenance and large-scale automation, would turn out to be brittle and addressed by special casing, leading to loss of generality and a variety of corner cases. We propose a Cloud-based network virtualization approach for IoT, based on the Open- Stack IaaS framework, where its networking subsystem, Neutron, gets extended to accomodate virtual networks and arbitrary topologies among virtualmachines and globally dispersed smart objects, whichever the setup and constraints of the underlying physical networks. This work outlines a motivating use case for our approach, and the ensuing discussion is provided to frame the benefits of the underlying design. {\textcopyright} Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2015.

}, keywords = {Ad hoc networks, Arbitrary topology, Clouds, Internet of Things, Internet of Things (IOT), IoT, network virtualization, OpenStack, Telecommunication networks, Underlying physical networks, Virtual networks, Virtual reality, WebSocket}, isbn = {9783319250663}, issn = {18678211}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-25067-0_16}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84947982973\&doi=10.1007\%2f978-3-319-25067-0_16\&partnerID=40\&md5=f749a4988e888d00cbdabf0649881264}, author = {Giovanni Merlino and Dario Bruneo and Francesco Longo and Salvatore Distefano and Antonio Puliafito} } @proceedings {Merlino2015268, title = {Enabling mechanisms for Cloud-based network virtualization in IoT}, journal = {IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things, WF-IoT 2015 - Proceedings}, year = {2015}, note = {cited By 3; Conference of 2nd IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things, WF-IoT 2015 ; Conference Date: 14 December 2015 Through 16 December 2015; Conference Code:119271}, pages = {268-273}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, address = {Milan (Italy)}, abstract = {

As part of a wider effort in integrating Internet of things (IoT) with the Cloud under the guise of infrastructure to be provided as-a-Service, network virtualization plays an essential role, both as an enabler of Infrastructure-as-a-Service scenarios and as a basic building block of the solution for the IoT-focused Cloud provider. Virtualization of the networking facilities for Cloud-managed IoT resources needs mechanisms to deal with the inherent complexity. This work outlines an implementation-agnostic approach to such a problem, reflected in our evolving Stack4Things architecture, derived from OpenStack, and implemented starting from such codebase, by leveraging also a choice of modern tooling and protocols. A specific use case and the discussion that follows are provided to frame the benefits of this strategy. {\textcopyright} 2015 IEEE.

}, keywords = {Basic building block, Cloud providers, Clouds, Complex networks, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Inherent complexity, Internet, Internet of Things, Internet of Things (IOT), Network architecture, network virtualization, OpenStack, Virtual reality, Virtualizations, WebSocket}, isbn = {9781509003655}, doi = {10.1109/WF-IoT.2015.7389064}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964453184\&doi=10.1109\%2fWF-IoT.2015.7389064\&partnerID=40\&md5=555a2a5aad4f3af24fac04fc0e4a8280}, author = {Giovanni Merlino and Dario Bruneo and Salvatore Distefano and Francesco Longo and Antonio Puliafito} } @article {Merlino201516314, title = {A smart city lighting case study on an OpenStack-powered infrastructure}, journal = {Sensors}, volume = {15}, number = {7}, year = {2015}, note = {cited By 0}, pages = {16314-16335}, publisher = {MDPI AG}, abstract = {

The adoption of embedded systems, mobile devices and other smart devices keeps rising globally, and the scope of their involvement broadens, for instance, in smart city-like scenarios. In light of this, a pressing need emerges to tame such complexity and reuse as much tooling as possible without resorting to vertical ad hoc solutions, while at the same time taking into account valid options with regard to infrastructure management and other more advanced functionalities. Existing solutions mainly focus on core mechanisms and do not allow one to scale by leveraging infrastructure or adapt to a variety of scenarios, especially if actuators are involved in the loop. A new, more flexible, cloud-based approach, able to provide device-focused workflows, is required. In this sense, a widely-used and competitive framework for infrastructure as a service, such as OpenStack, with its breadth in terms of feature coverage and expanded scope, looks to fit the bill, replacing current application-specific approaches with an innovative application-agnostic one. This work thus describes the rationale, efforts and results so far achieved for an integration of IoT paradigms and resource ecosystems with such a kind of cloud-oriented device-centric environment, by focusing on a smart city scenario, namely a park smart lighting example, and featuring data collection, data visualization, event detection and coordinated reaction, as example use cases of such integration. {\textcopyright} 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

}, keywords = {AMQP, Ceilometer, CEP, Clouds, CoAP, Coordination reactions, data visualization, embedded systems, IaaS, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), IoT, Lighting, Meteorological instruments, Mobile devices, MOM, OpenStack, REST, smart cities}, issn = {14248220}, doi = {10.3390/s150716314}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84940184863\&partnerID=40\&md5=6b5fc8b27ed3943f0529cb3323f22e88}, author = {Giovanni Merlino and Dario Bruneo and Salvatore Distefano and Francesco Longo and Antonio Puliafito and Adnan H. Al-Anbuky} } @proceedings {Merlino2015909, title = {Software defined cities: A novel paradigm for smart cities through IoT clouds}, journal = {Proceedings - 2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing, 2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Advanced and Trusted Computing, 2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Scalable Computing and Communications, 20}, year = {2015}, note = {cited By 1; Conference of Proceedings - 2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing, 2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Advanced and Trusted Computing, 2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Scalable Computing and Communications, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Cloud and Big Data Computing, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Internet of People and Associated Symposia/Workshops, UIC-ATC-ScalCom-CBDCom-IoP 2015 ; Conference Date: 10 August 2015 Through 14 August 2015; Conference Code:122811}, pages = {909-916}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, address = {Beijing (China)}, abstract = {

A Smart City represents an improvement of today cities that strategically exploits many smart factors to increase the city sustainable growth and strengthen city functions, while ensuring citizen quality of life and health. Cities can be perceived as an ecosystem of "things" which citizens daily interact with: street furniture, public buildings, transportation, monuments, public lighting as well as personal smartphones. Thanks to recent advances in ICT such things can be considered always interconnected also providing sensing and actuating facilities according to the Internet of Things and Cyber Physical Systems models. Creating smart services that exploit such a complex infrastructure is a fundamental and current challenge. To this end, aim of this paper is the design and implementation of the Software Defined Cities approach: a Cloud-based infrastructure that, starting from the well known concept of Software Defined paradigms, is able to transform this complex ecosystem in a simple and "programmable" environment where municipalities, companies, scientists, and citizens can easily collaborate in developing innovative smart services. The overall architecture is presented focusing on both the function virtualization and infrastructure aspects also giving details about the software stacks used (e.g., Open Stack) while a use case is laid out to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach. {\textcopyright} 2015 IEEE.

}, keywords = {Big Data, Clouds, Complex ecosystems, Complex infrastructures, Cyber physical systems (CPSs), Design and implementations, Ecology, Ecosystems, embedded systems, Internet, Internet of Things, Sensing and actuating, smart cities, Sustainable development, Sustainable growth, Trusted Computing, Ubiquitous computing, Virtual reality, Virtualizations}, isbn = {9781467372114}, doi = {10.1109/UIC-ATC-ScalCom-CBDCom-IoP.2015.174}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84983438378\&doi=10.1109\%2fUIC-ATC-ScalCom-CBDCom-IoP.2015.174\&partnerID=40\&md5=790a6042e6e80594e42b64695d6b014e}, author = {Giovanni Merlino and Dario Bruneo and Francesco Longo and Antonio Puliafito and Salvatore Distefano} } @proceedings {Longo2015204, title = {Stack4Things: An OpenStack-Based Framework for IoT}, journal = {Proceedings - 2015 International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud, FiCloud 2015 and 2015 International Conference on Open and Big Data, OBD 2015}, year = {2015}, note = {cited By 2; Conference of 3rd International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud, FiCloud 2015 ; Conference Date: 24 August 2015 Through 26 August 2015; Conference Code:117067}, pages = {204-211}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, address = {Rome (Italy)}, abstract = {

In the wake of the massive adoption of embedded systems, mobiles, and other smart devices, as the scope of their involvement keeps broadening, complexity may quickly become overwhelming and vertical ad-hoc solutions will not cut it anymore. We propose to reuse as much tooling as possible, taking into account suitable options with regard to infrastructure management, then piggybacking as much advanced functionalities as possible in such kind of environment. In this sense, a widely used and competitive framework for Infrastructure-as-a-Service such as OpenStack, with its breadth in terms of feature coverage and expanded scope, looks like fitting the bill. This work therefore describes the approach and the solutions so far preliminary implemented for enabling Cloud-mediated interactions with droves of sensor-and actuator-hosting nodes by proposing Stack4Things, a framework for Sensing-and-Actuation-as-a-Service. In particular, we focused on describing the subsystem of Stack4Things devoted to resource control and management, highlighting relevant requirements and justifying how our proposed framework addresses them, while also opening up possibilities for a range of future extensions towards complete fulfillment of the Sensing-and-Actuation-as-a-Service vision. {\textcopyright} 2015 IEEE.

}, keywords = {Big Data, Clouds, embedded systems, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Infrastructure managements, Internet, Internet of Things, Mediated interaction, OpenStack, Resource control, SAaaS, Sensor and actuators, WAMP, Web Socket}, isbn = {9781467381031}, doi = {10.1109/FiCloud.2015.97}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84959059371\&doi=10.1109\%2fFiCloud.2015.97\&partnerID=40\&md5=e702319ada1b2cdde5d5d2061ec278f7}, author = {Francesco Longo and Dario Bruneo and Salvatore Distefano and Giovanni Merlino and Antonio Puliafito} } @article {Longo2015235, title = {Towards the future internet: The RESERVOIR, VISION cloud, and CloudWave experiences}, journal = {International Journal of High Performance Computing and Networking}, volume = {8}, number = {3}, year = {2015}, note = {cited By 0}, pages = {235-247}, publisher = {Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.}, abstract = {

The future internet is evolving as an internet of services, things and infrastructure, and the European Commission is supporting research projects that are contributing to its evolution. Among the others, RESERVOIR, VISION Cloud and CloudWave are three interesting examples of how infrastructures and data can be managed in an effective way and how applications can adapt to the infrastructure, and the infrastructure to the services requested, in order to improve the overall quality of the service provided. From our experience in these three successful projects, we show in this paper how they try to address the challenges described above, providing an important boost to making the future internet vision concrete. We also discuss our view of the future internet where sensors, actuators and objects are part of the cloud. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2015 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Clouds, European Commission, Future internet, IaaS, Information management, Internet, Internet of Services, IoT, Overall quality, Sensors}, issn = {17400562}, doi = {10.1504/IJHPCN.2015.071260}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84940376740\&partnerID=40\&md5=8cfa4a88d00a48cee9ec543c43d7a425}, author = {Francesco Longo and Dario Bruneo and Massimo Villari and Antonio Puliafito and Eliot Salant and Yaron Wolfsthal} } @proceedings {Longo2014641, title = {From VISION cloud to cloudwave: Towards the future internet and a new generation of services}, journal = {Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems (INCoS)}, year = {2014}, note = {cited By 0; Conference of 6th International Conference on Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems, IEEE INCoS 2014 ; Conference Date: 10 September 2014 Through 12 September 2014; Conference Code:111581}, pages = {641-646}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, address = {Salerno, Italy, 10-12 September 2014}, abstract = {

The Future Internet is required to be fast, flexible and ever-responsive to demands from both humans and machines. It is evolving as an Internet of services, things, and infrastructure and the European Commission is supporting research projects that are contributing to its evolution. Among the others, VISION Cloud and Cloudwave are two interesting examples of how data can be managed in an effective way and how applications can adapt to the infrastructure, and the infrastructure to the services requested, in order to improve the overall quality of the service provided. From our experience in these two successful projects, we show in this paper how they try to address the challenges described above, providing an important boost to making the Future Internet vision concrete. {\textcopyright} 2014 IEEE.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Clouds, European Commission, Future internet, Information management, Internet, Internet of Services, Overall quality}, isbn = {9781479963867}, doi = {10.1109/INCoS.2014.34}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84926512787\&partnerID=40\&md5=013feb21cc75d62fd30508f89e8a99c9}, author = {Francesco Longo and Dario Bruneo and Massimo Villari and Antonio Puliafito and Eliot Salant and Yaron Wolfsthal} } @proceedings {Merlino201521, title = {Stack4Things: Integrating IoT with OpenStack in a Smart City context}, journal = {Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Smart Computing Workshops (SMARTCOMP Workshops)}, year = {2014}, note = {cited By 1; Conference of 2014 International Conference on Smart Computing Workshops, SMARTCOMP Workshops 2014 ; Conference Date: 5 November 2014; Conference Code:111083}, pages = {21-28}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, address = {Hong Kong, China, 5 November 2014}, abstract = {

As the adoption of embedded systems, mobiles and other smart devices keeps rising, and the scope of their involvement broadens, for instance in the enablement of Smart City-like scenarios, a pressing need emerges to tame such complexity and reuse as much tooling as possible without resorting to vertical ad-hoc solutions, while at the same time taking into account valid options with regards to infrastructure management, and other more advanced functionalities. In this sense, a widely used and competitive framework for Infrastructure as a Service such as OpenStack, with its breadth in terms of feature coverage and expanded scope, looks like fitting the bill. This work thus describes rationale, efforts, and results so far achieved, for an integration of IoT paradigms and resource ecosystems with such a kind of Cloud-oriented environment, by focusing on a Smart City scenario, and featuring data collection and visualization as example use cases of such integration. {\textcopyright} 2014 IEEE.

}, keywords = {AMQP, Ceilometer, CEP, Clouds, CoAP, data visualization, embedded systems, IaaS, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Internet of Things, IoT, Meteorological instruments, MOM, OpenStack, REST, smart cities}, isbn = {9781479964475}, doi = {10.1109/SMARTCOMP-W.2014.7046678}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84925651440\&partnerID=40\&md5=d36947c633a2c7b011bffa40aa32db9f}, author = {Giovanni Merlino and Dario Bruneo and Salvatore Distefano and Francesco Longo and Antonio Puliafito} } @article {Ghosh2014667, title = {Stochastic model driven capacity planning for an infrastructure-as-a-service cloud}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Services Computing - IEEE Computer Society}, volume = {7}, number = {4}, year = {2014}, note = {cited By 1}, pages = {667-680}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers}, abstract = {

From an enterprise perspective, one key motivation to transform the traditional IT management into Cloud is the cost reduction of the hosted services. In an Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) Cloud, virtual machine (VM) instances share the physical machines (PMs) in the provider{\textquoteright}s data center. With large number of PMs, providers can maintain low cost of service downtime at the expense of higher infrastructure and other operational costs (e.g., power consumption and cooling costs). Hence, determining the optimal PM capacity requirements that minimize the overall cost is of interest. In this paper, we show how a cost analysis and optimization framework can be developed using stochastic availability and performance models of an IaaS Cloud. Specifically, we study two cost minimization problems to address the capacity planning in an IaaS Cloud: 1) what is the optimal number of PMs that minimizes the total cost of ownership for a given downtime requirement set by service level agreements? and, 2) is it more economical to use cheaper but less reliable PMs or to use costlier but more reliable PMs for insuring the same availability characteristics? We use simulated annealing, a well-known stochastic search algorithm, to solve these optimization problems. Results from our analysis show that the optimal solutions are found within reasonable time. {\textcopyright} 2013 IEEE.

}, keywords = {Capacity planning, Capacity requirement, Clouds, Cost benefit analysis, Cost reduction, Downtime, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Maintenance, Optimization, Optimization framework, Optimization problems, Service Level Agreements, Simulated annealing, Stochastic models, Stochastic search algorithms, Stochastic systems, Total cost of ownership}, issn = {19391374}, doi = {10.1109/TSC.2013.44}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84919717849\&partnerID=40\&md5=34c70f14a9a3f838562335050a628985}, author = {Rahul Ghosh and Francesco Longo and Ruofan Xia and Vijay K. Naik and Kishor S. Trivedi} } @article {Ghosh20131216, title = {Modeling and performance analysis of large scale IaaS clouds}, journal = {Future Generation Computer Systems - Elsevier}, volume = {29}, number = {5}, year = {2013}, note = {cited By 10}, pages = {1216-1234}, abstract = {

For Cloud based services to support enterprise class production workloads, Mainframe like predictable performance is essential. However, the scale, complexity, and inherent resource sharing across workloads make the Cloud management for predictable performance difficult. As a first step towards designing Cloud based systems that achieve such performance and realize the service level objectives, we develop a scalable stochastic analytic model for performance quantification of Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) Cloud. Specifically, we model a class of IaaS Clouds that offer tiered services by configuring physical machines into three pools with different provisioning delay and power consumption characteristics. Performance behaviors in such IaaS Clouds are affected by a large set of parameters, e.g., workload, system characteristics and management policies. Thus, traditional analytic models for such systems tend to be intractable. To overcome this difficulty, we propose a multi-level interacting stochastic sub-models approach where the overall model solution is obtained iteratively over individual sub-model solutions. By comparing with a single-level monolithic model, we show that our approach is scalable, tractable, and yet retains high fidelity. Since the dependencies among the sub-models are resolved via fixed-point iteration, we prove the existence of a solution. Results from our analysis show the impact of workload and system characteristics on two performance measures: mean response delay and job rejection probability. {\textcopyright} 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Analytic modeling, Analytical models, Clouds, CTMC, Fixed-point iterations, IaaS, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Performance, Provisioning, Stochastic models, Stochastic systems, Submodels}, issn = {0167739X}, doi = {10.1016/j.future.2012.06.005}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84887062784\&partnerID=40\&md5=5aa7bb3aa9d27ba52b585a03501c8e18}, author = {Rahul Ghosh and Francesco Longo and Vijay K. Naik and Kishor S. Trivedi} } @proceedings {Bruneo20133, title = {Smart data centers for green clouds}, journal = {Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)}, year = {2013}, note = {cited By 3; Conference of 18th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, ISCC 2013 ; Conference Date: 7 July 2013 Through 10 July 2013; Conference Code:103472}, pages = {3-8}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, address = {Split, Croatia, 7-10 July 2013}, abstract = {

The key idea behind this work is the development of smart data centers able to monitor, control, and manage themselves through advanced analytics and management policies, collecting and analyzing real time data on their behavior. They also make adjustments to interdependent components across the physical infrastructure, in order to address changing business and technology needs. To this aim, we have designed and implemented a new framework for supporting green computing in the management of Cloud data centers. Through heterogeneous sensing devices deployed in the system, the framework is able to know the working state of the data center and to activate specific energy saving policies. We have evaluated the proposed solution through experiments on a real testbed implemented at the University of Messina. Experiments show interesting results thus proving real benefits deriving from the adoption of the proposed framework. {\textcopyright} 2013 IEEE.

}, keywords = {Cloud data centers, Clouds, Data centers, Experiments, Green Computing, Heterogeneous devices, Heterogeneous sensing, Inter-dependent components, Management policy, Physical addresses, sensing, Sensors}, isbn = {9781479937554}, issn = {15301346}, doi = {10.1109/ISCC.2013.6754914}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84897446370\&partnerID=40\&md5=72bf952928d560e009666d68ce6b0fc8}, author = {Dario Bruneo and Maria Fazio and Francesco Longo and Antonio Puliafito} } @proceedings {Bruneo2011, title = {Evaluating energy consumption in a cloud infrastructure}, journal = {2011 IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM)}, year = {2011}, note = {cited By 4; Conference of 2011 IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks, WoWMoM 2011 ; Conference Date: 20 June 2011 Through 23 June 2011; Conference Code:86401}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, address = {Lucca, Italy, 20-23 June 2011}, abstract = {

Cloud computing is a challenging technology that promises to strongly modify the way computing and storage resources will be accessed in the near future. Clouds may demand huge amount of energy if adequate management policies are not put in place. Optimization strategies are needed in order to allocate, migrate, consolidate virtual machines and manage the switch on/switch off period of a data center. In this paper, we present a modeling approach based on Stochastic reward nets to investigate the more convenient strategies to manage a federation of Clouds, having in mind the final goal to reduce the overall energy consumption. Several policies are presented and their impact is evaluated, thus contributing to a rational and efficient adoption of the Cloud computing paradigm. {\textcopyright} 2011 IEEE.

}, keywords = {cloud computing, Clouds, computer systems, Computing paradigm, Data centers, Energy utilization, Management policy, Modeling approach, Multimedia systems, Optimization strategy, Performance evaluation, Quality control, Quality of service, Stochastic reward nets, Stochastic systems, Storage resources, Switch-on, virtual machines, Wireless networks}, isbn = {9781457703515}, doi = {10.1109/WoWMoM.2011.5986479}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80052709389\&partnerID=40\&md5=9d12783598805d3b668813d0d5b70057}, author = {Dario Bruneo and Francesco Longo and Antonio Puliafito} }