@article {TAPAS2020324, title = {Experimenting with smart contracts for access control and delegation in IoT}, journal = {Future Generation Computer Systems}, volume = {111}, year = {2020}, pages = {324 - 338}, abstract = {In a Smart City scenario, the authors envisioned an IoT-Cloud framework for the management of boards and resources scattered over a geographic area. It can also become a tool to let device owners contribute freely to the infrastructure. In this paper, we present an authorization and delegation model for the IoT-Cloud based on blockchain technology. We focus on smart city{\^a}{\texteuro}TMs design and simulation of smart contracts to address the specific characteristics of smart environments and analyze access control and delegation mechanism in IoT. In particular, the scheme is implemented for the Ethereum platform in the form of smart contracts. We present the theoretical analysis of the proposed solution. We perform experiments on local testnet Ganache and public testnet Rinkeby to evaluate the performance of the presented models. Finally, we discuss the results and limitations of the system and possible solutions to issues.}, keywords = {Access control, authorization, Blockchain, Cloud, Delegation, Ethereum, IoT, smart cities, Smart contracts}, issn = {0167-739X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2020.04.020}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X18326979}, author = {Nachiket Tapas and Francesco Longo and Giovanni Merlino and Antonio Puliafito} } @proceedings {Bruneo2016, title = {Deploying advanced services in the $\#$SmartME infrastructure}, journal = {2016 IEEE 2nd International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry Leveraging a Better Tomorrow, RTSI 2016}, year = {2016}, note = {cited By 0; Conference of 2nd IEEE International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry Leveraging a Better Tomorrow, RTSI 2016 ; Conference Date: 7 September 2016 Through 9 September 2016; Conference Code:124837}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, address = {Bologna; Italy; 7-9 September 2016}, abstract = {

Smart Cities can be viewed as a complex ecosystem where thousands of {\textquoteright}things{\textquoteright} (e.g., smart objects, vehicles, mobiles) interact with people in order to provide innovative services. Following this view, the $\#$SmartME project aims at creating an horizontal Cloud-based framework enabling developers and users to manage such a complex ecosystem, remotely controlling things as well as virtualizing their functions implementing a provisioning model to scatter the application logic on top of the involved smart objects and to choose with fine granularity which specific tasks to delegate to centralized Cloud infrastructure. After one year from the project kickoff, we present the main architecture by highlighting how advance services can be deployed. {\textcopyright} 2016 IEEE.

}, keywords = {$\#$SmartME, Arduino, Clouds, Ecology, Ecosystems, IaaS, OpenStack, smart cities, Stack4Things}, isbn = {9781509011315}, doi = {10.1109/RTSI.2016.7740633}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85006001490\&doi=10.1109\%2fRTSI.2016.7740633\&partnerID=40\&md5=76b3333938151fc341a6f3994a693da8}, author = {Dario Bruneo and Francesco Longo and Giovanni Merlino and Antonio Puliafito and Salvatore Distefano} } @proceedings {Bruneo2016, title = {An IoT Testbed for the Software Defined City Vision: The $\#$SmartMe Project}, journal = {2016 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing, SMARTCOMP 2016}, year = {2016}, note = {cited By 2; Conference of 2nd IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing, SMARTCOMP 2016 ; Conference Date: 18 May 2016 Through 20 May 2016; Conference Code:122466}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, address = {St. Louis; United States; 18-20 May 2016}, abstract = {

To kickstart the process of morphing Messina into a {\guillemotleft}smart{\guillemotright} city, an explicit mission for the crowdfunded $\#$SmartME project, it is essential to set up an infrastructure of smart devices embedding sensors and actuators, to be scattered all over the urban area. An horizontal framework coupled with the Fog computing approach, by moving logic toward the {\guillemotleft}extreme{\guillemotright} edge of the Internet where data needs to be quickly elaborated, decisions made, and actions performed, is a suitable solution for data- intensive services with time-bound constraints as those usually required by citizens. This is especially true in the context of IoT and Smart City where thousands of smart objects, vehicles, mobiles, people interact to provide innovative services. We thus designed Stack4Things as an OpenStack-based framework spanning the Infrastructure-as-a-Service and Platform-as-a-Service layers. We present some of the core Stack4Things functionalities implementing a Fog computing approach towards a run- time {\guillemotleft}rewireable{\guillemotright} Smart City paradigm, by outlining node management and contextualization mechanisms, also describing its usage in terms of already supported and developed verticals, as well as a specific example related to environmental data collection through $\#$SmartME. {\textcopyright} 2016 IEEE.

}, keywords = {$\#$SmartME, Arduino, Clouds, Computation theory, IaaS, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Internet of Things, OpenStack, Platform as a Service (PaaS), smart cities, Stack4Things}, isbn = {9781509008988}, doi = {10.1109/SMARTCOMP.2016.7501678}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84979570937\&doi=10.1109\%2fSMARTCOMP.2016.7501678\&partnerID=40\&md5=c7d8b8c0b0cd880d9c781770a5721acc}, author = {Dario Bruneo and Salvatore Distefano and Francesco Longo and Giovanni Merlino} } @article {Merlino201516314, title = {A smart city lighting case study on an OpenStack-powered infrastructure}, journal = {Sensors}, volume = {15}, number = {7}, year = {2015}, note = {cited By 0}, pages = {16314-16335}, publisher = {MDPI AG}, abstract = {

The adoption of embedded systems, mobile devices and other smart devices keeps rising globally, and the scope of their involvement broadens, for instance, in smart city-like scenarios. In light of this, a pressing need emerges to tame such complexity and reuse as much tooling as possible without resorting to vertical ad hoc solutions, while at the same time taking into account valid options with regard to infrastructure management and other more advanced functionalities. Existing solutions mainly focus on core mechanisms and do not allow one to scale by leveraging infrastructure or adapt to a variety of scenarios, especially if actuators are involved in the loop. A new, more flexible, cloud-based approach, able to provide device-focused workflows, is required. In this sense, a widely-used and competitive framework for infrastructure as a service, such as OpenStack, with its breadth in terms of feature coverage and expanded scope, looks to fit the bill, replacing current application-specific approaches with an innovative application-agnostic one. This work thus describes the rationale, efforts and results so far achieved for an integration of IoT paradigms and resource ecosystems with such a kind of cloud-oriented device-centric environment, by focusing on a smart city scenario, namely a park smart lighting example, and featuring data collection, data visualization, event detection and coordinated reaction, as example use cases of such integration. {\textcopyright} 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

}, keywords = {AMQP, Ceilometer, CEP, Clouds, CoAP, Coordination reactions, data visualization, embedded systems, IaaS, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), IoT, Lighting, Meteorological instruments, Mobile devices, MOM, OpenStack, REST, smart cities}, issn = {14248220}, doi = {10.3390/s150716314}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84940184863\&partnerID=40\&md5=6b5fc8b27ed3943f0529cb3323f22e88}, author = {Giovanni Merlino and Dario Bruneo and Salvatore Distefano and Francesco Longo and Antonio Puliafito and Adnan H. Al-Anbuky} } @proceedings {Merlino2015909, title = {Software defined cities: A novel paradigm for smart cities through IoT clouds}, journal = {Proceedings - 2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing, 2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Advanced and Trusted Computing, 2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Scalable Computing and Communications, 20}, year = {2015}, note = {cited By 1; Conference of Proceedings - 2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing, 2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Advanced and Trusted Computing, 2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Scalable Computing and Communications, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Cloud and Big Data Computing, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Internet of People and Associated Symposia/Workshops, UIC-ATC-ScalCom-CBDCom-IoP 2015 ; Conference Date: 10 August 2015 Through 14 August 2015; Conference Code:122811}, pages = {909-916}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, address = {Beijing (China)}, abstract = {

A Smart City represents an improvement of today cities that strategically exploits many smart factors to increase the city sustainable growth and strengthen city functions, while ensuring citizen quality of life and health. Cities can be perceived as an ecosystem of "things" which citizens daily interact with: street furniture, public buildings, transportation, monuments, public lighting as well as personal smartphones. Thanks to recent advances in ICT such things can be considered always interconnected also providing sensing and actuating facilities according to the Internet of Things and Cyber Physical Systems models. Creating smart services that exploit such a complex infrastructure is a fundamental and current challenge. To this end, aim of this paper is the design and implementation of the Software Defined Cities approach: a Cloud-based infrastructure that, starting from the well known concept of Software Defined paradigms, is able to transform this complex ecosystem in a simple and "programmable" environment where municipalities, companies, scientists, and citizens can easily collaborate in developing innovative smart services. The overall architecture is presented focusing on both the function virtualization and infrastructure aspects also giving details about the software stacks used (e.g., Open Stack) while a use case is laid out to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach. {\textcopyright} 2015 IEEE.

}, keywords = {Big Data, Clouds, Complex ecosystems, Complex infrastructures, Cyber physical systems (CPSs), Design and implementations, Ecology, Ecosystems, embedded systems, Internet, Internet of Things, Sensing and actuating, smart cities, Sustainable development, Sustainable growth, Trusted Computing, Ubiquitous computing, Virtual reality, Virtualizations}, isbn = {9781467372114}, doi = {10.1109/UIC-ATC-ScalCom-CBDCom-IoP.2015.174}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84983438378\&doi=10.1109\%2fUIC-ATC-ScalCom-CBDCom-IoP.2015.174\&partnerID=40\&md5=790a6042e6e80594e42b64695d6b014e}, author = {Giovanni Merlino and Dario Bruneo and Francesco Longo and Antonio Puliafito and Salvatore Distefano} } @proceedings {Merlino201521, title = {Stack4Things: Integrating IoT with OpenStack in a Smart City context}, journal = {Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Smart Computing Workshops (SMARTCOMP Workshops)}, year = {2014}, note = {cited By 1; Conference of 2014 International Conference on Smart Computing Workshops, SMARTCOMP Workshops 2014 ; Conference Date: 5 November 2014; Conference Code:111083}, pages = {21-28}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, address = {Hong Kong, China, 5 November 2014}, abstract = {

As the adoption of embedded systems, mobiles and other smart devices keeps rising, and the scope of their involvement broadens, for instance in the enablement of Smart City-like scenarios, a pressing need emerges to tame such complexity and reuse as much tooling as possible without resorting to vertical ad-hoc solutions, while at the same time taking into account valid options with regards to infrastructure management, and other more advanced functionalities. In this sense, a widely used and competitive framework for Infrastructure as a Service such as OpenStack, with its breadth in terms of feature coverage and expanded scope, looks like fitting the bill. This work thus describes rationale, efforts, and results so far achieved, for an integration of IoT paradigms and resource ecosystems with such a kind of Cloud-oriented environment, by focusing on a Smart City scenario, and featuring data collection and visualization as example use cases of such integration. {\textcopyright} 2014 IEEE.

}, keywords = {AMQP, Ceilometer, CEP, Clouds, CoAP, data visualization, embedded systems, IaaS, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Internet of Things, IoT, Meteorological instruments, MOM, OpenStack, REST, smart cities}, isbn = {9781479964475}, doi = {10.1109/SMARTCOMP-W.2014.7046678}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84925651440\&partnerID=40\&md5=d36947c633a2c7b011bffa40aa32db9f}, author = {Giovanni Merlino and Dario Bruneo and Salvatore Distefano and Francesco Longo and Antonio Puliafito} }