@article {Puliafito2019, title = {Fog computing for the Internet of Things: A survey}, journal = {ACM Transactions on Internet Technology - ACM}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, year = {2019}, note = {cited By 0}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, abstract = {

Research in the Internet of Things (IoT) conceives a world where everyday objects are connected to the Internet and exchange, store, process, and collect data from the surrounding environment. IoT devices are becoming essential for supporting the delivery of data to enable electronic services, but they are not sufficient in most cases to host application services directly due to their intrinsic resource constraints. Fog Computing (FC) can be a suitable paradigm to overcome these limitations, as it can coexist and cooperate with centralized Cloud systems and extends the latter toward the network edge. In this way, it is possible to distribute resources and services of computing, storage, and networking along the Cloud-to-Things continuum. Assuch, FC brings all the benefits of Cloud Computing (CC) closer to end (user) devices. This article presents a survey on the employment of FC to support IoT devices and services. The principles and literature characterizing FC are described, highlighting six IoT application domains that may benefit from the use of this paradigm. The extension of Cloud systems towards the network edge also creates new challenges and can have an impact on existing approaches employed in Cloud-based deployments. Research directions being adopted by the community are highlighted, with an indication of which of these are likely to have the greatest impact. An overview of existing FC software and hardware platforms for the IoT is also provided, along with the standardisation efforts in this area initiated by the OpenFog Consortium (OFC). {\textcopyright} 2019 Association for Computing Machinery.

}, keywords = {Application services, cloud computing, Digital storage, Electronic services, Fog, Fog computing, Internet of thing (IOT), Internet of Things, IOT applications, Resource Constraint, Software and hardwares, Surrounding environment, Surveys, Topological proximity}, issn = {15335399}, doi = {10.1145/3301443}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063939776\&doi=10.1145\%2f3301443\&partnerID=40\&md5=49ad63c8f0f1685fd1d7365914fc86f5}, author = {Carlo Puliafito and Enzo Mingozzi and Francesco Longo and Antonio Puliafito and Omer Rana} } @article {Panarello2018, title = {Blockchain and iot integration: A systematic survey}, journal = {Sensors - MDPI}, volume = {18}, number = {8}, year = {2018}, note = {cited By 10}, publisher = {MDPI AG}, abstract = {

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the interconnection of smart devices to collect data and make intelligent decisions. However, a lack of intrinsic security measures makes IoT vulnerable to privacy and security threats. With its {\textquotedblleft}security by design,{\textquotedblright} Blockchain (BC) can help in addressing major security requirements in IoT. BC capabilities like immutability, transparency, auditability, data encryption and operational resilience can help solve most architectural shortcomings of IoT. This article presents a comprehensive survey on BC and IoT integration. The objective of this paper is to analyze the current research trends on the usage of BC-related approaches and technologies in an IoT context. This paper presents the following novelties, with respect to related work: (i) it covers different application domains, organizing the available literature according to this categorization, (ii) it introduces two usage patterns, i.e., device manipulation and data management (open marketplace solution), and (iii) it reports on the development level of some of the presented solutions. We also analyze the main challenges faced by the research community in the smooth integration of BC and IoT, and point out the main open issues and future research directions. Last but not least, we also present a survey about novel uses of BC in the machine economy. {\textcopyright} 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

}, keywords = {Blockchain, Cryptography, Future research directions, Information management, Integration, Intelligent decisions, Internet of thing (IOT), Internet of Things, Privacy and security, Research communities, Security by designs, Security measure, Security requirements, Surveying, Surveys}, issn = {14248220}, doi = {10.3390/s18082575}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051401073\&doi=10.3390\%2fs18082575\&partnerID=40\&md5=07247598c49b9507bea67e04bb3e325f}, author = {Alfonso Panarello and Nachiket Tapas and Giovanni Merlino and Francesco Longo and Antonio Puliafito} } @proceedings {Dautov2018792, title = {Pushing intelligence to the edge with a stream processing architecture}, journal = {Proceedings - 2017 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things, IEEE Green Computing and Communications, IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing, IEEE Smart Data, iThings-GreenCom-CPSCom-SmartData 2017}, year = {2017}, note = {cited By 3; Conference of Joint 10th IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things, iThings 2017, 13th IEEE International Conference on Green Computing and Communications, GreenCom 2017, 10th IEEE International Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing, CPSCom 2017 and the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Smart Data, Smart Data 2017 ; Conference Date: 21 June 2017 Through 23 June 2017; Conference Code:134517}, pages = {792-799}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, address = {Exeter, UK - 21-23 June 2017}, abstract = {

The cloud computing paradigm underpins the Internet of Things (IoT) by offering a seemingly infinite pool of resources for processing/storing extreme amounts of data generated by complex IoT systems. The cloud has established a convenient and widely adopted approach, where raw data are vertically offloaded to cloud servers from resource-constrained edge devices, which are only seen as simple data generators, not capable of performing more sophisticated processing activities. However, there are more and more emerging scenarios, where the amount of data to be transferred over the network to the cloud is associated with increased network latency, making the results of the computation obsolete. As various categories of edge devices are becoming more and more powerful in terms of hardware resources - specifically, CPU and memory - the established way of off-loading computation to the cloud is not always seen as the most convenient approach. Accordingly, this paper presents a Stream Processing architecture for spreading workload among a local cluster of edge devices to process data in parallel, thus achieving faster execution and response times. The experimental results suggest that such a distributed in-memory approach to data processing at the very edge of a computational network has a potential to address a wide range of IoT-related scenarios. {\textcopyright} 2017 IEEE.

}, keywords = {Apache NiFi, cloud computing, Cluster computing, Computational networks, Data handling, Edge computing, Green Computing, Hardware resources, Horizontal offloading, Internet of thing (IOT), Internet of Things, Memory architecture, Network architecture, Network latencies, Processing activity, Stream processing}, isbn = {9781538630655}, doi = {10.1109/iThings-GreenCom-CPSCom-SmartData.2017.121}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047094836\&doi=10.1109\%2fiThings-GreenCom-CPSCom-SmartData.2017.121\&partnerID=40\&md5=4e5a4b0eaffa179565af183066520cdf}, author = {Rustem Dautov and Salvatore Distefano and Dario Bruneo and Francesco Longo and Giovanni Merlino and Antonio Puliafito} } @article {Longo201753, title = {Stack4Things: a sensing-and-actuation-as-a-service framework for IoT and cloud integration}, journal = {Annales des Telecommunications/Annals of Telecommunications - Institut Mines-T{\'e}l{\'e}com and Springer-Verlag France}, volume = {72}, number = {1-2}, year = {2017}, note = {cited By 0}, pages = {53-70}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag France}, abstract = {

With the increasing adoption of embedded smart devices and their involvement in different application fields, complexity may quickly grow, thus making vertical ad hoc solutions ineffective. Recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud integration seems to be one of the winning solutions in order to opportunely manage the proliferation of both data and devices. In this paper, following the idea to reuse as much tooling as possible, we propose, with regards to infrastructure management, to adopt a widely used and competitive framework for Infrastructure-as-a-Service such as OpenStack. Therefore, we describe approaches and architectures so far preliminary implemented for enabling Cloud-mediated interactions with droves of sensor- and actuator-hosting nodes by presenting Stack4Things, a framework for Sensing-and-Actuation-as-a-Service (SAaaS). In particular, starting from a detailed requirement analysis, in this work, we focus on the subsystems of Stack4Things devoted to resource control and management as well as on those related to the management and collection of sensing data. Several use cases are presented justifying how our proposed framework can be viewed as a concrete step toward the complete fulfillment of the SAaaS vision. {\textcopyright} 2016, Institut Mines-T{\'e}l{\'e}com and Springer-Verlag France.

}, keywords = {Clouds, Information management, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Infrastructure managements, Internet of thing (IOT), Internet of Things, Mediated interaction, OpenStack, Requirement analysis, SAaaS, WAMP, WebSocket}, issn = {00034347}, doi = {10.1007/s12243-016-0528-5}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84976292948\&doi=10.1007\%2fs12243-016-0528-5\&partnerID=40\&md5=f334f652432ae0993795644204689e9c}, author = {Francesco Longo and Dario Bruneo and Salvatore Distefano and Giovanni Merlino and Antonio Puliafito} } @proceedings {Merlino2017213, title = {Quantitative evaluation of Cloud-based network virtualization mechanisms for IoT}, journal = {ValueTools 2016 - 10th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools}, year = {2016}, note = {cited By 0; Conference of 10th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools, ValueTools 2016 ; Conference Date: 25 October 2016 Through 28 October 2016; Conference Code:127816}, pages = {213-216}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {Taormina; Italy; 25-28 October 2016}, abstract = {

Integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) with the Cloud may lead to a range of different architectures and solutions. Our efforts in this domain are mainly geared towards making IoT systems available as service-oriented infrastructure. Under Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) scenarios, network virtualization is a core building block of any solution, even more so for IoT-focused Cloud providers. Enabling mechanisms are required to support virtualization of the networking facilities for IoT resources that are managed by the Cloud. This work describes an approach to network virtualization based on popular off-the-shelf tools and protocols in place of application-specific logic, acting as a blueprint in the design of the Stack4Things architecture, an OpenStack-derived framework to provide IaaS-like services from a pool of IoT devices. We quantitatively evaluate the underlying mechanisms demonstrating that the proposed approach exhibits mostly comparable performance with respect to standard technologies for virtual private networks, or at least good enough for the kind of underlying hardware, e.g., smart boards, whilst still representing a more flexible solution. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2016 EAI.

}, keywords = {Application specific, Clouds, Distributed computer systems, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Internet of thing (IOT), Internet of Things, Network architecture, network virtualization, OpenStack, Performance evaluation, Platform as a Service (PaaS), Quantitative evaluation, Reverse tunneling, Service-oriented infrastructures, Virtual private networks, Virtual reality, Virtualization}, isbn = {9781631901416}, doi = {10.4108/eai.25-10-2016.2266600}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021354856\&doi=10.4108\%2feai.25-10-2016.2266600\&partnerID=40\&md5=61d1e54a06f72746e6e5bd90c920b1c0}, author = {Giovanni Merlino and Francesco Longo and Salvatore Distefano and Dario Bruneo and Antonio Puliafito} }