@article {Longo201753, title = {Stack4Things: a sensing-and-actuation-as-a-service framework for IoT and cloud integration}, journal = {Annales des Telecommunications/Annals of Telecommunications - Institut Mines-T{\'e}l{\'e}com and Springer-Verlag France}, volume = {72}, number = {1-2}, year = {2017}, note = {cited By 0}, pages = {53-70}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag France}, abstract = {

With the increasing adoption of embedded smart devices and their involvement in different application fields, complexity may quickly grow, thus making vertical ad hoc solutions ineffective. Recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud integration seems to be one of the winning solutions in order to opportunely manage the proliferation of both data and devices. In this paper, following the idea to reuse as much tooling as possible, we propose, with regards to infrastructure management, to adopt a widely used and competitive framework for Infrastructure-as-a-Service such as OpenStack. Therefore, we describe approaches and architectures so far preliminary implemented for enabling Cloud-mediated interactions with droves of sensor- and actuator-hosting nodes by presenting Stack4Things, a framework for Sensing-and-Actuation-as-a-Service (SAaaS). In particular, starting from a detailed requirement analysis, in this work, we focus on the subsystems of Stack4Things devoted to resource control and management as well as on those related to the management and collection of sensing data. Several use cases are presented justifying how our proposed framework can be viewed as a concrete step toward the complete fulfillment of the SAaaS vision. {\textcopyright} 2016, Institut Mines-T{\'e}l{\'e}com and Springer-Verlag France.

}, keywords = {Clouds, Information management, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Infrastructure managements, Internet of thing (IOT), Internet of Things, Mediated interaction, OpenStack, Requirement analysis, SAaaS, WAMP, WebSocket}, issn = {00034347}, doi = {10.1007/s12243-016-0528-5}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84976292948\&doi=10.1007\%2fs12243-016-0528-5\&partnerID=40\&md5=f334f652432ae0993795644204689e9c}, author = {Francesco Longo and Dario Bruneo and Salvatore Distefano and Giovanni Merlino and Antonio Puliafito} } @proceedings {Bruneo2016, title = {An IoT Testbed for the Software Defined City Vision: The $\#$SmartMe Project}, journal = {2016 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing, SMARTCOMP 2016}, year = {2016}, note = {cited By 2; Conference of 2nd IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing, SMARTCOMP 2016 ; Conference Date: 18 May 2016 Through 20 May 2016; Conference Code:122466}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, address = {St. Louis; United States; 18-20 May 2016}, abstract = {

To kickstart the process of morphing Messina into a {\guillemotleft}smart{\guillemotright} city, an explicit mission for the crowdfunded $\#$SmartME project, it is essential to set up an infrastructure of smart devices embedding sensors and actuators, to be scattered all over the urban area. An horizontal framework coupled with the Fog computing approach, by moving logic toward the {\guillemotleft}extreme{\guillemotright} edge of the Internet where data needs to be quickly elaborated, decisions made, and actions performed, is a suitable solution for data- intensive services with time-bound constraints as those usually required by citizens. This is especially true in the context of IoT and Smart City where thousands of smart objects, vehicles, mobiles, people interact to provide innovative services. We thus designed Stack4Things as an OpenStack-based framework spanning the Infrastructure-as-a-Service and Platform-as-a-Service layers. We present some of the core Stack4Things functionalities implementing a Fog computing approach towards a run- time {\guillemotleft}rewireable{\guillemotright} Smart City paradigm, by outlining node management and contextualization mechanisms, also describing its usage in terms of already supported and developed verticals, as well as a specific example related to environmental data collection through $\#$SmartME. {\textcopyright} 2016 IEEE.

}, keywords = {$\#$SmartME, Arduino, Clouds, Computation theory, IaaS, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Internet of Things, OpenStack, Platform as a Service (PaaS), smart cities, Stack4Things}, isbn = {9781509008988}, doi = {10.1109/SMARTCOMP.2016.7501678}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84979570937\&doi=10.1109\%2fSMARTCOMP.2016.7501678\&partnerID=40\&md5=c7d8b8c0b0cd880d9c781770a5721acc}, author = {Dario Bruneo and Salvatore Distefano and Francesco Longo and Giovanni Merlino} } @proceedings {Merlino2017213, title = {Quantitative evaluation of Cloud-based network virtualization mechanisms for IoT}, journal = {ValueTools 2016 - 10th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools}, year = {2016}, note = {cited By 0; Conference of 10th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools, ValueTools 2016 ; Conference Date: 25 October 2016 Through 28 October 2016; Conference Code:127816}, pages = {213-216}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {Taormina; Italy; 25-28 October 2016}, abstract = {

Integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) with the Cloud may lead to a range of different architectures and solutions. Our efforts in this domain are mainly geared towards making IoT systems available as service-oriented infrastructure. Under Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) scenarios, network virtualization is a core building block of any solution, even more so for IoT-focused Cloud providers. Enabling mechanisms are required to support virtualization of the networking facilities for IoT resources that are managed by the Cloud. This work describes an approach to network virtualization based on popular off-the-shelf tools and protocols in place of application-specific logic, acting as a blueprint in the design of the Stack4Things architecture, an OpenStack-derived framework to provide IaaS-like services from a pool of IoT devices. We quantitatively evaluate the underlying mechanisms demonstrating that the proposed approach exhibits mostly comparable performance with respect to standard technologies for virtual private networks, or at least good enough for the kind of underlying hardware, e.g., smart boards, whilst still representing a more flexible solution. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2016 EAI.

}, keywords = {Application specific, Clouds, Distributed computer systems, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Internet of thing (IOT), Internet of Things, Network architecture, network virtualization, OpenStack, Performance evaluation, Platform as a Service (PaaS), Quantitative evaluation, Reverse tunneling, Service-oriented infrastructures, Virtual private networks, Virtual reality, Virtualization}, isbn = {9781631901416}, doi = {10.4108/eai.25-10-2016.2266600}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021354856\&doi=10.4108\%2feai.25-10-2016.2266600\&partnerID=40\&md5=61d1e54a06f72746e6e5bd90c920b1c0}, author = {Giovanni Merlino and Francesco Longo and Salvatore Distefano and Dario Bruneo and Antonio Puliafito} } @proceedings {Merlino2015268, title = {Enabling mechanisms for Cloud-based network virtualization in IoT}, journal = {IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things, WF-IoT 2015 - Proceedings}, year = {2015}, note = {cited By 3; Conference of 2nd IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things, WF-IoT 2015 ; Conference Date: 14 December 2015 Through 16 December 2015; Conference Code:119271}, pages = {268-273}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, address = {Milan (Italy)}, abstract = {

As part of a wider effort in integrating Internet of things (IoT) with the Cloud under the guise of infrastructure to be provided as-a-Service, network virtualization plays an essential role, both as an enabler of Infrastructure-as-a-Service scenarios and as a basic building block of the solution for the IoT-focused Cloud provider. Virtualization of the networking facilities for Cloud-managed IoT resources needs mechanisms to deal with the inherent complexity. This work outlines an implementation-agnostic approach to such a problem, reflected in our evolving Stack4Things architecture, derived from OpenStack, and implemented starting from such codebase, by leveraging also a choice of modern tooling and protocols. A specific use case and the discussion that follows are provided to frame the benefits of this strategy. {\textcopyright} 2015 IEEE.

}, keywords = {Basic building block, Cloud providers, Clouds, Complex networks, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Inherent complexity, Internet, Internet of Things, Internet of Things (IOT), Network architecture, network virtualization, OpenStack, Virtual reality, Virtualizations, WebSocket}, isbn = {9781509003655}, doi = {10.1109/WF-IoT.2015.7389064}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964453184\&doi=10.1109\%2fWF-IoT.2015.7389064\&partnerID=40\&md5=555a2a5aad4f3af24fac04fc0e4a8280}, author = {Giovanni Merlino and Dario Bruneo and Salvatore Distefano and Francesco Longo and Antonio Puliafito} } @article {Merlino201516314, title = {A smart city lighting case study on an OpenStack-powered infrastructure}, journal = {Sensors}, volume = {15}, number = {7}, year = {2015}, note = {cited By 0}, pages = {16314-16335}, publisher = {MDPI AG}, abstract = {

The adoption of embedded systems, mobile devices and other smart devices keeps rising globally, and the scope of their involvement broadens, for instance, in smart city-like scenarios. In light of this, a pressing need emerges to tame such complexity and reuse as much tooling as possible without resorting to vertical ad hoc solutions, while at the same time taking into account valid options with regard to infrastructure management and other more advanced functionalities. Existing solutions mainly focus on core mechanisms and do not allow one to scale by leveraging infrastructure or adapt to a variety of scenarios, especially if actuators are involved in the loop. A new, more flexible, cloud-based approach, able to provide device-focused workflows, is required. In this sense, a widely-used and competitive framework for infrastructure as a service, such as OpenStack, with its breadth in terms of feature coverage and expanded scope, looks to fit the bill, replacing current application-specific approaches with an innovative application-agnostic one. This work thus describes the rationale, efforts and results so far achieved for an integration of IoT paradigms and resource ecosystems with such a kind of cloud-oriented device-centric environment, by focusing on a smart city scenario, namely a park smart lighting example, and featuring data collection, data visualization, event detection and coordinated reaction, as example use cases of such integration. {\textcopyright} 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

}, keywords = {AMQP, Ceilometer, CEP, Clouds, CoAP, Coordination reactions, data visualization, embedded systems, IaaS, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), IoT, Lighting, Meteorological instruments, Mobile devices, MOM, OpenStack, REST, smart cities}, issn = {14248220}, doi = {10.3390/s150716314}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84940184863\&partnerID=40\&md5=6b5fc8b27ed3943f0529cb3323f22e88}, author = {Giovanni Merlino and Dario Bruneo and Salvatore Distefano and Francesco Longo and Antonio Puliafito and Adnan H. Al-Anbuky} } @proceedings {Longo2015204, title = {Stack4Things: An OpenStack-Based Framework for IoT}, journal = {Proceedings - 2015 International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud, FiCloud 2015 and 2015 International Conference on Open and Big Data, OBD 2015}, year = {2015}, note = {cited By 2; Conference of 3rd International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud, FiCloud 2015 ; Conference Date: 24 August 2015 Through 26 August 2015; Conference Code:117067}, pages = {204-211}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, address = {Rome (Italy)}, abstract = {

In the wake of the massive adoption of embedded systems, mobiles, and other smart devices, as the scope of their involvement keeps broadening, complexity may quickly become overwhelming and vertical ad-hoc solutions will not cut it anymore. We propose to reuse as much tooling as possible, taking into account suitable options with regard to infrastructure management, then piggybacking as much advanced functionalities as possible in such kind of environment. In this sense, a widely used and competitive framework for Infrastructure-as-a-Service such as OpenStack, with its breadth in terms of feature coverage and expanded scope, looks like fitting the bill. This work therefore describes the approach and the solutions so far preliminary implemented for enabling Cloud-mediated interactions with droves of sensor-and actuator-hosting nodes by proposing Stack4Things, a framework for Sensing-and-Actuation-as-a-Service. In particular, we focused on describing the subsystem of Stack4Things devoted to resource control and management, highlighting relevant requirements and justifying how our proposed framework addresses them, while also opening up possibilities for a range of future extensions towards complete fulfillment of the Sensing-and-Actuation-as-a-Service vision. {\textcopyright} 2015 IEEE.

}, keywords = {Big Data, Clouds, embedded systems, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Infrastructure managements, Internet, Internet of Things, Mediated interaction, OpenStack, Resource control, SAaaS, Sensor and actuators, WAMP, Web Socket}, isbn = {9781467381031}, doi = {10.1109/FiCloud.2015.97}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84959059371\&doi=10.1109\%2fFiCloud.2015.97\&partnerID=40\&md5=e702319ada1b2cdde5d5d2061ec278f7}, author = {Francesco Longo and Dario Bruneo and Salvatore Distefano and Giovanni Merlino and Antonio Puliafito} } @proceedings {Merlino201521, title = {Stack4Things: Integrating IoT with OpenStack in a Smart City context}, journal = {Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Smart Computing Workshops (SMARTCOMP Workshops)}, year = {2014}, note = {cited By 1; Conference of 2014 International Conference on Smart Computing Workshops, SMARTCOMP Workshops 2014 ; Conference Date: 5 November 2014; Conference Code:111083}, pages = {21-28}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, address = {Hong Kong, China, 5 November 2014}, abstract = {

As the adoption of embedded systems, mobiles and other smart devices keeps rising, and the scope of their involvement broadens, for instance in the enablement of Smart City-like scenarios, a pressing need emerges to tame such complexity and reuse as much tooling as possible without resorting to vertical ad-hoc solutions, while at the same time taking into account valid options with regards to infrastructure management, and other more advanced functionalities. In this sense, a widely used and competitive framework for Infrastructure as a Service such as OpenStack, with its breadth in terms of feature coverage and expanded scope, looks like fitting the bill. This work thus describes rationale, efforts, and results so far achieved, for an integration of IoT paradigms and resource ecosystems with such a kind of Cloud-oriented environment, by focusing on a Smart City scenario, and featuring data collection and visualization as example use cases of such integration. {\textcopyright} 2014 IEEE.

}, keywords = {AMQP, Ceilometer, CEP, Clouds, CoAP, data visualization, embedded systems, IaaS, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Internet of Things, IoT, Meteorological instruments, MOM, OpenStack, REST, smart cities}, isbn = {9781479964475}, doi = {10.1109/SMARTCOMP-W.2014.7046678}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84925651440\&partnerID=40\&md5=d36947c633a2c7b011bffa40aa32db9f}, author = {Giovanni Merlino and Dario Bruneo and Salvatore Distefano and Francesco Longo and Antonio Puliafito} }