@conference {8875501, title = {Enabling Container-Based Fog Computing with OpenStack}, booktitle = {2019 International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData)}, year = {2019}, month = {July}, pages = {1049-1056}, abstract = {Operating system-level virtualization using containerization technologies have changed the world of application development and software by bringing flexibility, efficiency and new methods for managing and distributing software. Edge/Fog computing complements nowadays powerful centralized approach leveraging datacenters resources with a number of distributed fog nodes with relatively capable resources in order to provide advanced services in proximity to end users and data sources. In fact, this emerging paradigm provides ubiquitous processing abilities through scattered heterogeneous hardware with different energy availability and computational capabilities. This paper aims at presenting an extension of an IoT centric infrastructure Cloud framework, named Stack4Things, towards the edge through an integration with two of the OpenStack subsystems (i.e., Zun and Kuryr) that deal with containers management.}, keywords = {Application development, Cloud, cloud computing, computer centres, container management, container-based fog computing, containerization technologies, containers, datacenter resources, distributed fog nodes, distributing software, Ecosystems, Edge/Fog computing, Internet of Things, IoT, IoT centric infrastructure cloud framework, Kuryr, Neutrons, OpenStack, OpenStack subsystems, operating system-level virtualization, Servers, software management, ubiquitous processing abilities, virtualisation, Virtualization, Zun}, doi = {10.1109/iThings/GreenCom/CPSCom/SmartData.2019.00181}, author = {Zakaria Benomar and F. Longo and G. Merlino and A. Puliafito} } @conference {8726749, title = {Extending Openstack for Cloud-Based Networking at the Edge}, booktitle = {2018 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData)}, year = {2018}, month = {July}, pages = {162-169}, abstract = {Cloud-controlled virtual networking at the edge can be considered a critical feature, highly in demand in the IoT infrastructure management domain. Fostering the vision of the Cloud as a suitable control surface for IoT, an integration between the two ecosystems is achievable at a genuinely Infrastructure-as-a-Service level. This work thus describes an integration design between an IoT-centric infrastructure Cloud framework, already capable of limited networking functionality, and Neutron, the networking subsystem belonging to the core services of the OpenStack platform. Design considerations and trade-offs are detailed in the paper.}, keywords = {Bridges, Cloud, cloud computing, Cloud-controlled virtual networking, control surface, critical feature, Edge computing, IaaS, infrastructure management domain, Infrastructure-as-a-Service level, integration design, Internet of Things, IoT, IoT-centric infrastructure Cloud framework, Linux, network topology, network virtualization, networking functionality, networking subsystem, Neutron, Neutrons, OpenStack, OpenStack platform, Topology, Virtualization}, doi = {10.1109/Cybermatics_2018.2018.00058}, author = {Zakaria Benomar and D. Bruneo and S. Distefano and K. Elbaamrani and N. Idboufker and F. Longo and G. Merlino and A. Puliafito} } @proceedings {Puliafito2018368, title = {Virtualization and migration at the network edge: An overview}, journal = {Proceedings - 2018 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing, SMARTCOMP 2018}, year = {2018}, note = {cited By 1; Conference of 4th IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing, SMARTCOMP 2018 ; Conference Date: 18 June 2018 Through 20 June 2018; Conference Code:138285}, pages = {368-374}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, address = {Taormina, Italy - 18-20 June 2018}, abstract = {

As for the Cloud, essential features of Fog Computing are both virtualization and the capability to migrate virtual environments among nodes. In this paper, we thoroughly report both the state-of-The-Art virtualization and migration techniques and their available implementations. In particular, we investigate the aptness of such technologies for a specific layer of the Fog hierarchy, namely the network edge. Indeed, this layer presents some characteristics that distinguish it from the Cloud so that a virtualization or migration technique that represents a good compromise for the Cloud might not be likewise suitable for the edge. {\textcopyright} 2018 IEEE.

}, keywords = {containers, Essential features, Fog, Fog computing, Migration, Migration technique, Network edges, Smart city, State of the art, Virtual Machine, Virtual reality, Virtualization}, isbn = {9781538647059}, doi = {10.1109/SMARTCOMP.2018.00031}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051498294\&doi=10.1109\%2fSMARTCOMP.2018.00031\&partnerID=40\&md5=7f2642da7694ddacd86212b216c00ec2}, author = {Carlo Puliafito and Enzo Mingozzi and Carlo Vallati and Francesco Longo and Giovanni Merlino} } @proceedings {486, title = {An Energy-Aware Brokering Algorithm To Improve Sustainability In Community Cloud}, journal = {Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems (SMARTGREENS 2017)}, volume = {1}, year = {2017}, month = {04/2017}, pages = {166-173}, publisher = {Institute for Systems and Technologies of Information, Control and Communication (INSTICC)}, address = {Porto, Portugal}, abstract = {

Cloud computing is a paradigm for large scale distributed infrastructures, platforms or software services which represents a hot topic in Information Technology (IT) recently in both industrial and academic areas. Its use is motivated by the possibility to promote a new economy of scale in different contexts. Along with the well-known public, private and hybrid Cloud models, the Community Cloud is an emerging concept based on a deployment model in which a Cloud infrastructure allows a specific community of consumers to share interests, goals and responsibilities. It can be owned and managed by the community, by a third party, or a combination of them. In such scenario, new low-carbon strategies at Cloud sites are necessary to allow those latter to reduce the consumption in presence of a massive exploitation of IT services. Therefore, balancing performances with both sustainability and cost saving concepts is a challenge. In this paper, we present a low carbon strategy designed to make the best choice in resources allocation, based on sustainability, availability and costs. The proposed energy-aware Brokering Algorithm (eBA) allows to push down carbon dioxide emissions through the Community Cloud ecosystem, by running instances at the most convenient sites.

}, keywords = {cloud computing, Community Cloud, Energy-aware Brokering, Green Cloud, Low Carbon, Resource allocation, Sustainability, Virtualization}, issn = {978-989-758-241-7}, doi = {10.5220/0006300201660173}, url = {http://www.scitepress.org/DigitalLibrary/PublicationsDetail.aspx?ID=8XfUdAkq8Pk=\&t=1}, author = {Maurizio Giacobbe and Marco Scarpa and Riccardo Di Pietro and Antonio Puliafito} } @proceedings {Bruneo2017, title = {Head in a Cloud: An approach for Arduino YUN virtualization}, journal = {GIoTS 2017 - Global Internet of Things Summit, Proceedings}, year = {2017}, note = {cited By 0; Conference of 2017 Global Internet of Things Summit, GIoTS 2017 ; Conference Date: 6 June 2017 Through 9 June 2017; Conference Code:130055}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, address = {Geneva; Switzerland; 6-9 June 2017}, abstract = {

Smart boards are triggering the IoT revolution, allowing to make common objects and things smart through their network, storage and processing capabilities. Arduino boards have a prominent role in this revolution, due to their customizability and programming freedom. From a different perspective, another strategic development for the IoT is towards Cloud, allowing to properly manage things and data ubiquitously, on demand, as services. Pushing in this direction, we can pave the way to the Cloud of Things, where real things, rather than the data they produce, can be provided to third parties, by adopting a {\textquoteright}device-centric{\textquoteright} approach. To this purpose, virtualization of physical resources becomes an essential step and core mechanism. In this paper we focus on smart board virtualization, implementing a flexible solution for Arduino boards based on Stack4Things, allowing to create, multiplex, migrate and deploy virtual boards in IoT-Cloud contexts. The results obtained by a preliminary implementation and experiments on the $\#$SmartME testbed are shown in the paper to demonstrate the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed solution. {\textcopyright} 2017 IEEE.

}, keywords = {Arduino YUN, Clouds, Computer operating systems, Core mechanisms, Customizability, Digital storage, GPIO pins, Internet of Things, Physical resources, Processing capability, Stack4Things, Strategic development, Virtual reality, Virtualization}, isbn = {9781509058730}, doi = {10.1109/GIOTS.2017.8016263}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85029291785\&doi=10.1109\%2fGIOTS.2017.8016263\&partnerID=40\&md5=4a8eed3e1348ab91166e648151d625c0}, author = {Dario Bruneo and Salvatore Distefano and Francesco Longo and Giovanni Merlino and Antonio Puliafito and Angelo Zaia} } @proceedings {Bruneo2017135, title = {User-space network tunneling under a mobile platform: A case study for android environments}, journal = {ADHOC-NOW 2017: Ad-hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks}, year = {2017}, note = {cited By 0; Conference of 16th International Conference on Ad-Hoc Networks and Wireless, ADHOC-NOW 2017 ; Conference Date: 20 September 2017 Through 22 September 2017; Conference Code:198729}, pages = {135-143}, publisher = {Springer Verlag}, address = {Messina; Italy; 20-22 September 2017}, abstract = {

The IoT ecosystem is taking the whole ICT world by storm and, in particular for currently hot topics such as Smart Cities, it is becoming one of the key enablers for innovative applications and services. When talking about end users, or even citizens, mobiles enter the picture as the ultimate personal gadget, as well as relevant outlets for most of the duties (sensing, networking, edge computing) IoT devices are typically envisioned in the first place. Smartphones, tablets and similar accessories are even more powerful in terms of hardware capabilities (and function diversity) than typical embedded systems for IoT, but it is typically the software platform (e.g., the OS and SDK) which limits choices for the sake of security and control on the user experience. Even a relatively open environment, such as Android, exhibits these limits, in stark contrast to the otherwise very powerful and feature-complete functionalities the underlying system (i.e., Linux) natively supports. In this work the authors describe a fully user-friendly and platform-compliant approach to let users break free from some of these limitations, in particular with regard to network virtualisation, for the purpose of extending an IoT-ready Smart City use case to mobiles. {\textcopyright} Springer International Publishing AG 2017.

}, keywords = {Ad hoc networks, Android (operating system), Clouds, Computer operating systems, Distributed computer systems, embedded systems, Internet of Things, Mobile ad hoc networks, Network virtualisation, network virtualization, Open environment, OpenStack, Reverse tunneling, Smart city, Software platforms, Stack4Things, Underlying systems, Virtual reality, Virtualization, Wireless ad hoc networks}, isbn = {9783319679099}, issn = {03029743}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-67910-5_11}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030154981\&doi=10.1007\%2f978-3-319-67910-5_11\&partnerID=40\&md5=e898f7c0ffad87eadbefa74a8a7a8940}, author = {Dario Bruneo and Salvatore Distefano and Kostya Esmukov and Francesco Longo and Giovanni Merlino and Antonio Puliafito} } @proceedings {434, title = {Exploring Container Virtualization in IoT Clouds}, journal = {2016 International Conference on Smart Computing Workshops (SMARTCOMP Workshops)}, year = {2016}, pages = {1-6}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, address = {May 18, 2016 {\textendash} St. Louis, Missouri}, abstract = {

The advent of both Cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT) is changing the way of conceiving information and communication systems. Generally, we talk about IoT Cloud to indicate a new type of distributed system consisting of a set of smart objects, e.g., single board computers running Linux-based operating systems, interconnected with a remote Cloud infrastructure, platform, or software through the Internet and able to provide IoT as a Service (IoTaaS). In this context, container-based virtualization is a lightweight alternative to the hypervisor-based approach that can be adopted on smart objects, for enhancing the IoT Cloud service provisioning.\ 
In particular, considering different IoT application scenarios, container-based virtualization allows IoT Cloud providers to deploy and customize in a flexible fashion pieces of software on smart objects. In this paper, we explore the container-based virtualization on smart objects in the perspective of a IoT Cloud scenarios analyzing its advantages and performances.

}, keywords = {cloud computing, containers, IoT, Virtualization}, issn = {978-1-5090-0898-8}, doi = {10.1109/SMARTCOMP.2016.7501691}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7501691}, author = {Antonio Celesti and Davide Mulfari and Maria Fazio and Massimo Villari and Antonio Puliafito} } @proceedings {Merlino2017213, title = {Quantitative evaluation of Cloud-based network virtualization mechanisms for IoT}, journal = {ValueTools 2016 - 10th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools}, year = {2016}, note = {cited By 0; Conference of 10th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools, ValueTools 2016 ; Conference Date: 25 October 2016 Through 28 October 2016; Conference Code:127816}, pages = {213-216}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {Taormina; Italy; 25-28 October 2016}, abstract = {

Integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) with the Cloud may lead to a range of different architectures and solutions. Our efforts in this domain are mainly geared towards making IoT systems available as service-oriented infrastructure. Under Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) scenarios, network virtualization is a core building block of any solution, even more so for IoT-focused Cloud providers. Enabling mechanisms are required to support virtualization of the networking facilities for IoT resources that are managed by the Cloud. This work describes an approach to network virtualization based on popular off-the-shelf tools and protocols in place of application-specific logic, acting as a blueprint in the design of the Stack4Things architecture, an OpenStack-derived framework to provide IaaS-like services from a pool of IoT devices. We quantitatively evaluate the underlying mechanisms demonstrating that the proposed approach exhibits mostly comparable performance with respect to standard technologies for virtual private networks, or at least good enough for the kind of underlying hardware, e.g., smart boards, whilst still representing a more flexible solution. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2016 EAI.

}, keywords = {Application specific, Clouds, Distributed computer systems, Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Internet of thing (IOT), Internet of Things, Network architecture, network virtualization, OpenStack, Performance evaluation, Platform as a Service (PaaS), Quantitative evaluation, Reverse tunneling, Service-oriented infrastructures, Virtual private networks, Virtual reality, Virtualization}, isbn = {9781631901416}, doi = {10.4108/eai.25-10-2016.2266600}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021354856\&doi=10.4108\%2feai.25-10-2016.2266600\&partnerID=40\&md5=61d1e54a06f72746e6e5bd90c920b1c0}, author = {Giovanni Merlino and Francesco Longo and Salvatore Distefano and Dario Bruneo and Antonio Puliafito} } @proceedings {48, title = {Using Virtualization And noVNC to Support Assistive Technology In Cloud Computing}, journal = {Third Symposium on Network Cloud Computing and Applications (NCCA)}, year = {2014}, pages = {125{\textendash}132}, publisher = {IEEE COMPUTER SOC}, address = {Wa}, abstract = {

In this paper, we focus on how the virtualization technology can support the usage of Assistive Technology (AT) in cloud computing. AT provides software tools to people with disabilities. Unfortunately, these pieces of software are not easy to configure when a disabled user needs to occasionally use a shared computer, e.g., in an internet point, in a library, in a campus, and so on. The proposed solution allows users to access remote Virtual Machines (VMs) through an HTML5 web interface. These virtual environments meet the user{\textquoteright}s personal demand: they support both traditional desktop applications and customized AT tools. In this way, people with disabilities can use any networked computer with a web browser to manage their personal working environments. Nevertheless, achieving such a goal in a cloud computing environment is not trivial at all, because existing remote desktop client viewer applications have not been designed to support the interaction with AT software running on VMs. To achieve such an objective, we propose an open source cloud-based system including no VNC as HTML5 remote desktop proxy/client web application, Virtual Network Computing (VNC) as open source technology to access a remote VM, Oracle Virtual Box as hypervisor, and CLEVER as Virtual Infrastructure Manager (VIM) middleware.

}, keywords = {Assistive Technology, cloud computing, disabled user, HTML5, Virtualization, VNC}, issn = {978-0-7695-5168-5}, doi = {10.1109/NCCA.2014.28}, author = {D. Mulfari and A. Celesti and M. Villari and A. Puliafito} } @conference {6726193, title = {Using Virtualization and Guacamole/VNC to Provide Adaptive User Interfaces to Disabled People in Cloud Computing}, booktitle = {Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing, 2013 IEEE 10th International Conference on and 10th International Conference on Autonomic and Trusted Computing (UIC/ATC)}, year = {2013}, month = {Dec}, pages = {72-79}, keywords = {adaptive user interfaces, Adaptive User Interfaces and Tools, assisted living, Assistive Technology, AT software, AT tools, Browsers, CLEVER, cloud computing, Computer architecture, Computers, disabled people, graphical user interfaces, Guacamole, handicapped aids, HTML5, HTML5 remote desktop gateway, HTML5-based Web interface, hypermedia markup languages, hypervisor, Internet, internetworking, Keyboards, middleware, networked computer, online front-ends, personalized virtual desktops, Psychological Factors, Remote desktop, SaaS, Servers, software as a service, VIM middleware, Virtual Box, virtual infrastructure manager middleware, virtual machine monitor, virtual machines, virtual network computing, virtualisation, Virtualization, VNC, Web browser, Web-accessed VM}, doi = {10.1109/UIC-ATC.2013.42}, author = {Mulfari, D. and Celesti, A. and Villari, M. and Puliafito, A.} }